官方藏书 / Philosophy_and_Ethics / History of scientific ideas

History of scientific ideas

William Whewell · Philosophy_and_Ethics · 84 章

目录

CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME.Chapter 2 Chapter 3 INTRODUCTION.Chapter 5 BOOK I.Sect. 11.—Successive Generalization.Chapter 8 CHAPTER II. Of Technical Terms.CHAPTER III. Of Necessary Truths.CHAPTER IV. Of Experience.CHAPTER V. Of the Grounds of Necessary Truths.CHAPTER VI. The Fundamental Ideas are not Derived from Experience.CHAPTER VII. Of the Philosophy of the Sciences.BOOK II.Chapter 16 CHAPTER I. Of the Pure Sciences.CHAPTER II. Of the Idea of Space.CHAPTER III. Of some Peculiarities of the Idea of Space.CHAPTER IV. Of the Definitions and Axioms which relate to Space.CHAPTER V. Of some Objections which have been made to the Doctrines stated in the previous Chapter.3 CHAPTER VI. Of the Perception of Space.CHAPTER VII. Of the Idea of Time.CHAPTER VIII. Of some Peculiarities of the Idea of Time.CHAPTER IX. Of the Axioms which relate to Number.NOTE TO CHAPTER X.CHAPTER XI. Of Mathematical Reasoning.CHAPTER XII. Of the Foundations of the Higher Mathematics.CHAPTER XIII. The Doctrine of Motion.CHAPTER XIV. Of the Application of Mathematics to the Inductive Sciences.BOOK III.CHAPTER I. Of the Mechanical Sciences.CHAPTER II. Of the Idea of Cause.CHAPTER III. Modern Opinions respecting the Idea of Cause.CHAPTER IV. Of the Axioms which relate to the Idea of Cause.CHAPTER V. Of the Origin of our Conceptions of Force and Matter.CHAPTER VI. Of the Establishment of the Principles of Statics.CHAPTER VII. Of the Establishment of the Principles of Dynamics.Chapter 39 CHAPTER VIII. Of the Paradox of Universal Propositions obtained from Experience.CHAPTER IX. Of the Establishment of the Law of Universal Gravitation.CHAPTER X. Of the general Diffusion of clear Mechanical Ideas.BOOK IV.CHAPTER I. Of the Idea of a Medium as commonly employed.Sect. IV.—The Perception of Visible Figure.CHAPTER III. Successive Attempts at the Scientific Application of the Idea of a Medium.Sect. V.—Scales of Heat.Sect. VI.—Scales of other Qualities.BOOK V.CHAPTER I. Attempts at the Scientific Application of the Idea of Polarity.CHAPTER II. Of the Connexion of Polarities.Chapter 52 BOOK VI.CHAPTER I. Attempts to conceive Elementary Composition.CHAPTER II. Establishment and Development of the Idea of Chemical Affinity.CHAPTER III. Of the Idea of Substance.NOTE TO CHAPTER III.CHAPTER IV. Application of the Idea of Substance in Chemistry.CHAPTER V. The Atomic Theory.BOOK VII.CHAPTER I. Explication of the Idea of Symmetry.CHAPTER II. Application of the Idea of Symmetry to Crystals.CHAPTER III. Speculations founded upon the Symmetry of Crystals.BOOK VIII.CHAPTER I. The Idea of Likeness as Governing the Use of Common Names.Sect. IV.—Modes of framing Natural Systems.Sect. VII.—Diagnosis.CHAPTER III. Application of the Natural History Method to Mineralogy.Chapter 69 CHAPTER IV. Of the Idea of Natural Affinity.BOOK IX.CHAPTER I. Analogy of Biology With Other Sciences.Sect. IV.—The Vital-Fluid School.Sect. V.—The Psychical School.CHAPTER III. Attempts to Analyse the Idea of Life.Sect. IV.—Attempts to conceive the Process of Generation.CHAPTER V. Attempts to form Ideas of separate Vital Forces, continued.—Voluntary Motion.CHAPTER VI. Of the Idea of Final Causes.BOOK X.CHAPTER I. Of Palætiological Sciences in General.CHAPTER II. Of the Three Members of a Palætiological Science.CHAPTER III. Of the Doctrine of Catastrophes and the Doctrine of Uniformity.CHAPTER IV. Of the Relation of Tradition to Palætiology.THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG™ LICENSE